When the Tor browser is uninstalled from a machine, or if it is installed in a location other than the desktop (in Windows), it is difficult for investigators to know whether it was used or the location where it is installed, examining the prefetch files helps the investigators in obtaining this information. The investigator analyzes the ‘ State’ file located in the path where the Tor browser was executed on a suspect machine. Forensic investigators can obtain the path from where the TOR browser is executed in the following Registry key: HKEY_USERS\SID>\SOFTWARE\Mozilla\Firefox\Launcher. When the Tor browser is installed on a Windows machine, it uses port 9150/9151 for establishing connections via Tor nodes. To investigate cybercrimes perpetrated using the Tor browser, forensic investigators should collect RAM dumps from the suspect machine and study them to determine the malicious activities performed using the Tor browser, including websites visited, emails accessed, and programs downloaded. Investigators can acquire a RAM dump of the live suspect machine to identify and analyze the artifacts pertaining to malicious use of the Tor browser. Users on the Tor network can only access BIT domains and these websites.Īlthough the Tor browser provides anonymity to its users, artifacts pertaining to the activities performed on it reside on the system RAM as long as the system is not powered off. Tor’s hidden service protocol allows users to host websites anonymously. onion websites available on the dark web. The working and routing technique is known as onion routing. Thus, the exit node is seen as the origin of the traffic, hiding the original identity of the user. Exit Relay: data is sent to the destination servers through this node.
Middle Relay: Here, the data is transferred in an encrypted mode.ģ. Entry Relay: When establishing a Tor network, the user connects to the entry node, from which the user’s IP address can be seen.Ģ. These relays are divided into three levels:ġ. These are routers or nodes through which the traffic passes.
Tor Browser is based on Mozilla Firefox and works on relays. Let’s understand the working of Tor before investigating it. It is used to access the Dark web, the deepest entity of the known Internet. Tor was made for only one purpose, i.e., to make the user anonymous on the internet. Tor browser is one of the topics that excite every cybersecurity enthusiast.
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